Family Systems Essay

Family systems theory was founded by Dr. Murray Bowen. He suggested that the connections and reactions found within a family system creates interdependence on one another. He based his theory on the natural emotional connections with the family. He continued to build upon it as time went on. After Bowen there were several other theorists who used Bowen’s theory as a base, and built off of it. Bowen created his theory based on eight major concepts. They are as follows; Differentiation of Self, Nuclear Family Emotional System, Triangles, Family Projection Process, Multigenerational Transmission Process, Emotional Cutoff, Sibling Position, Societal Emotional Process. The core concept in Bowenian theory is Differentation of Self, this says that the more developed someone’s â€Å"self† is that less impact society and others will have on them. â€Å"The basic building blocks of a â€Å"self† are inborn, but an individual’s family relationships during childhood and adolescence primarily determine how much â€Å"self† he develops† (thebowencenter.com) This concept can be seen as a self-esteem issue. Bowen says that someone with a poor sense of self will quickly conform to others thought and opinions. While someone with a secure sense of â€Å"self† is able to keep that secure thorough social influences. He created a scale that meas ured differentiating self it was measured 0-100. 0-25 were the people with the lowest sense of self, these people liked to be â€Å"comfortable† and did so with self-sacrifice. While people above 60 were rare, they had an extreme sense of self, and were free from societal emotional control and did not control others. The second concept is, Nuclear Family Emotional System which is based on four basic relationship patterns;. marital conflict, dysfunction in one spouse, impairment in one or more children, and emotional distance. Marital conflict is caused by the externalizing of anxiety and emotions caused by family stress. Each spouse presents this in different ways but, the common behaviors include; need for control, knit picking, and resistance to each other. Marital conflict can lead to a breakdown in the family system as well as a marriage. Secondly, dysfunction in one spouse is when one spouse tries  to conform the other to think and act the way they do. The controlling spouse in this situation over bears the other spouse making them act and think in ways they may otherwise not. This can lead to anxiety, tension, and possibly psychiatric or mental dysfunction. Thirdly, impairment in one or more children, can cause excessive attention to the impaired child, causing them to act out and interna lize family tension more then the other children, because they feel like the spotlight is on them. The last relationship pattern is emotional distance. This is a basic pattern seen when the relationships within the family become to intense and people start to distance themselves to lessen the intensity of the relationship. The third concept is Triangles, which are a single relationship with three people involved. Triangles can be great when there is no tension, but can cause a break down in the family system when tension is present. Triangles in tension situations, have insiders and outsiders. The outsiders are trying to get in and the insiders are trying to get out. An example I found of this was a child whose parents were focusing on what was wrong with his so much that he started to rebel. He felt under so much pressure that he was trying to get â€Å"outside† the triangle to relieve some of the pressure. Triangles play an important role in family systems as well as in therapy. The fourth Bowenian concept is, Family projection process which is the process of the parents transmitting there emotional problems to the child. The projection process follows three steps. â€Å"(1) the parent focuses on a child out of fear that something is wrong with the child; (2) the parent interprets the child’s behavior as confirming the fear; and (3) the parent treats the child as if something is really wrong with the child.† (thebowencenter.com) This process can cause the child to feel insecure when attention is not focused on them. There are so many different situation that fall under this projection umbrella. An example could be, a mother feels depressed therefore, she feels the child is depressed and treats the child accordingly. This can also be seen in extreme cases where a mother favors a certain child, and the father sees the child-mother combination as one unit and take his anger towards the mother out on the child. The fifth concept is, Multigeneration al transmission process which says â€Å"how small differences in the levels of differentiation between parents and their offspring lead over many generations to marked differences in differentiation among the  members of a multigenerational family.† (Schara, Blog 2013) Bowen feels that the way people react to situations and relationships is based on a multigenerational transmission of behaviors and emotions. The sixth concept, Emotional cutoff, is simple. Simply speaking people emotionally cutoff other family members instead of resolving the conflicts within the relationship/s. The seventh concept, Sibling position, says that your birth order effects the way you view the world. Oldest siblings tend to be leaders, where youngest siblings tend to be followers. This isn’t always true because can be effected by parental emotions and behaviors. Bowen used psychologist Walter Toman’s research to help him form his theory on sibling position. Examples used; if an oldest sibling is focused on by the parents growing up, then they may not be able to take leadership or make their own decisions. This leaves the â€Å"leadership† role to the younger sibling therefore, putting them in the â€Å"oldest† leadership type role. Where people are in sibling position can effect their marriage, their parenting skills, and of course the family dynamics. The last concept in Bowenian theory is, societal emotional process. This concept tells us how the emotional system controls behavior on a societal level. This is similar to that within a family system, which can be progressive or regressive. Societies go through progressions and regressions constantly. If a society is going through a progression, or regression, it can effect the entire society including all of the major branches and boiling down into the individual family systems. All of these major concepts in Bowenian theory are based on the emotions and behaviors of each individual and their effects on the family system. Bowen was a big believer in the family being seen as one cohesive unit and working towards homeostasis. The basic techniques used in Family systems theory are; detriangulation, nonanxious presence, genograms, coaching, reframing, power differential, and the purser-distancer concept. All of these techniques are used to reach the common goal of homeostasis within the family system. In regards to Detriangualtion, this is when a therapist breaks up a triangular relationship between three people in the family. By having one person within the triangle take a stand on an issue, that is not agreed upon by the other two people in the triangle. Therefore, creating a sense of self within that one person and breaking the give and take relationship in the le. â€Å"In Bowenian family therapy, it is argued that a  conflict between two people will resolve itself in the presence of a third person who can avoid emotional participation with either while relating actively to both.† (Bowen 1978) As a Bowenion therapist you must take on the role of the non-anxious presence. This is when a therapist keeps a sense of calm throughout the session regardless of the circumstances. A non-anxious presence can bring peace to the family involved and help them to open up in session. A n anxious therapist can inflict unneeded chaos and stress for obvious reasons. A building block tool used in the Bowen Family Systems therapy is a genogram. When the family comes in for intake, most therapists will create a genogram. This is a multigenerational map of the family that documents mental illness, substance abuse, medical issues, relationships, and some events tied to specific family members. A genogram can give the therapist a sense of what they need to address within the family system. Family Systems theory uses coaching as a way to help the families through tough times, and provides them with tools to succeed as a family unit. Coaching can help by giving families a way to understand each others interworking’s and hopefully see each other through clearer light. The goal of coaching a family would be to establish a stronger sense of self while strengthening the family system. Reframing takes place when the family needs to change the way they look at each other or the unit as a whole. Reframing a relationship takes hard work but can bring about peace and reduce tension within the family. In order to reframe a relationship or many the therapist must reinterpret a families situation to make them more open to solution. â€Å"Reframing is a type of communication that can help family members better understand the concerns and intentions behind the misconstrued words.† (Jeanty, Jacqueline) An example of reframing, is a child who is constantly badgering their mother about quitting smoking. Once the situation is reframed it is easier to see that the child is scared and cares deeply about the mothers health, which is why they continued to badger. Power Differential,

Traditional Training Methods

Organizations of today have a variety of methods to choose from when training their employees. There have been many technological advances in the training industry, however most employers prefer to utilize the traditional methods due to viability and effectiveness of these training formats. The most used traditional training methods are instructor-led, hands-on, and interactive.There are many types of instructor-led trainings such as blackboard or whiteboard, overhead projector, video, PowerPoint, and storytelling. Storytelling is the most effective technique because trainees can communicate openly and feel less threatened by their response for there is no wrong or right answer. The instructor-led method has advantages that out weigh disadvantages.The advantages of this method are: 1) Instructor-led classroom training is an efficient method for presenting a large body of material to large or small groups of employees; 2) It is a personal, face-to-face type of training as opposed to c omputer-based training and other methods we will discuss later; 3) It ensures that everyone gets the same information at the same time; 4) It is cost-effective, especially when not outsourced to guest speakers; and 5)Storytelling grabs people’s attention. BLR, 2011) The disadvantages of this method are: 1) Sometimes it is not interactive; 2) Too much of the success of the training depends on the effectiveness of the lecturer; 3) Scheduling classroom sessions for large numbers of trainees can be difficult—especially when trainees are at multiple locations. (BLR, 2011) The hands-on traditional training method enables employees to learn while doing their job. This method utilizes several techniques to train employees such as cross-training, demonstrations, coaching, and apprenticeships.The advantages of hands-on are its effectiveness in training of new equipment and new procedures; it is applicable to trainees’ jobs, as well as enables trainers to determine a train ee retains learned new skills and procedures. The disadvantages are that it is not applicable in large groups; personal training limits trainer’s time spent with other trainees; and apprenticeships are expensive to companies that pay for employees who are less productive than others. (BLR, 2011) The last traditional training is the interactive method. The interactive method enables trainee involvement as well as holds their attention to information to be learned.This method can utilize quizzes, small group discussions, case studies, question cards, and role playing to influence trainees actively participate. The advantages of this method are trainee involvement resulting in retained new information; fun and enjoyable training; the sharing of experience and knowledge from veteran employees to newer employees; in-session feedback on new employee performance. The main disadvantage is time constraints due to activities such as quizzes that take longer. (BLR, 2011) My review of tr aditional training methods has influenced my opinion of which methods are effective and ineffective.The most effective method would be the hand-on method. This method would make available the opportunity for employees to experience the jobs and responsibilities of other coworkers which would expand knowledge and skill levels. The ineffective method would be the interactive method. This method although fun and enjoyable would not guarantee that the required information would be learned or retained.ReferencesBLR Employee Training Center. (2011). The Most Effective Training Techniques. Retrieved on April 14, 2011 from http://training. blr. com/employee-training-resources/How-to-Choose-the-Most-Effective-Training-Techniques

Indian School of Paintings - 2127 Words

JAIN SCHOOL OF PAINTING We find Jain style in the four paintings of Jins (Jain Gods) in the Sittanvasala caves in 700A.D. The oldest examples of this school are the paintings of parshwa-Nath, Nemi-Nath and Rish-Nath etc, 20 Tirthankars in â€Å"KalKacharya Katha† and â€Å"Kalpa Sutra†. Most of the Jain paintings were done Black amp; white 10thamp;15th century. These paintings have been mostly executed on Tala-Patra. There was an article â€Å"Jain on Dwara Pallavit Chitrakala† in the â€Å"Vishal Bharat† written by Muni Kanti sagar in which he has mentioned these paintings to have been painted on Tala-Patra, paper and cloth. In the Frayer atr gallery of Washington a manuscript o cloth named â€Å"Vasant vilas† was found which has been quoted as belonging to†¦show more content†¦This School started at the inspiration of the Britishers as they taught new technique of water color to these artists and got the paintings done in the same style. But as these artists were of Mugal school. We find a mixture of Mugal and western art in Patna School which were of middle standard. Color and shading was of Europeon style and were considered of lower standard by the Britishers by their false propagainda. Artist started learning their wash technique of water color. The artist who copied Britishers art was rewarded accordingly. This way the Patna School got started. The artist who properly copied the Britisher’s style was given the title of Company’s painter and was encouraged. According to Raja Rajeshwar Prasad Singh, Patna school was born in 19th century. The paintings,that the King and rich people of Patna got painted by the artist in there shelter were actually the work of Patna school. It does not look proper to call those paintings were done under the Britishers as belonging to Patna school. The name of Sewak Ram is important among the painters of that age along with Shiv Lal, Hulas Lal, Thumak Lal, Fakir Chand Lal and Jai Ram Das (1830-50). Shri Ram Krishan Das is of the opinion that the name, Patna School is in appropriate as the painting were popular in the whole country mainly in Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra, westShow MoreRelatedFormal Critique of â€Å"Indian Summer Hudson River† Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Bierstadt (1830-1902) was an American artist and member of the Hudson River School. He was one of the first of the Hudson River Artist’s to paint beyond New York and see the unexplored west. Bierstadt’s paintings focused more upon the sublime in nature. His painting titled â€Å"Indian Summer Hudson River† was completed in 1861. It is an oil on canvas painting, which measures twenty-four inches in height by forty-one inches wide. One looks out across a secluded section of the Hudson River. ItRead MoreAn American Artist And Member Of The Hudson River School1255 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Bierstadt (1830-1902) was an American artist and member of the Hudson River School. 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The Foolproof Argumentative Synthesis Essay Topics Strategy

The Foolproof Argumentative Synthesis Essay Topics Strategy The Fundamentals of Argumentative Synthesis Essay Topics Revealed There are lots of aspects about a sport that may be argued in an essay. Thus, for your coursework, you are going to want to have the very best ideas. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. Everyone would like to generate fantastic papers, get the greatest marks, and get the standing of a hardworking student. Understanding Argumentative Synthesis Essay Topics Whenever you make an order on our site, you get all extra guarantees. Just like any excellent essay, organization is important. If you aren't pleased with your paper, you can secure the total refund according to our company policy or ask us for corrections. Thus don't be concerned about writing homework and get our paper help when possible. Argumentative essays are frequently more philosophical and synthetic essays are devoted to a specific matter. Following that, you must construct your own claim, and compose an essay around that. Usually, it doesn't include references and quotes in it. It is crucial to select a great topic so as to compose a fantastic paper. The last price is based on the kind of paper, page sum, deadline, and other criteria. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. There is not sufficient info to create a last choice. When there's information which goes against your key points, don't ignore it. Whether there are differences between sources, it's recommended that the paper shows information concerning the differences or similarities in an informative way. Make certain that you have read all your sources. You should employ a significant amount of sources. 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Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. In some manner, this issue of your upcoming essay is dependent on what you would like to do by your paper and the sources you rely on. A good topic for a synthesis essay is one which encourages you to opt for a position on a debatable topic. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but remember to do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. Now that you know what a lousy topic appears like, it's time to chat about what an excellent topic resembles. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you could counter to your own points. 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Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. Bear in mind you can make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it.

Character Comparison - Hills Like White Elephants/A...

Stefanie A. Thomas Professor Judith Angona English 152 9 October 2012 Character Comparison – Two Repressed Women Both â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† center around two women who are repressed by their lives’ circumstances. However, outside of their feelings, their situations could not be more different. Miss Emily Grierson is trapped in a life of solitude, despondency, and desperation. The girl, or â€Å"Jig†, is equally as desperate, but her repression is not born of loneliness or restraint—it is the child of her freedom. Repression comes in several forms, but it will suffocate and consume you. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Miss Emily Grierson lives a life of quiet turmoil. Her†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jig† is a young, modern woman who is faced with the decision of prolonging her freedom and the stability of her relationship or accepting motherhood and the responsibility that comes with it. It is not to say t hat motherhood is a prison; it is that motherhood would be the death of everything she loved, mainly travelling, and the very stability of her relationship with her lover, â€Å"the American†. â€Å"The American† says, â€Å"‘That’s the only thing that bothers us. It’s the only thing that’s made us unhappy.’† (Hemingway 115) which unequivocally shows that the center of conflict inside of their relationship is the presumed pregnancy. There are several instances in the story that â€Å"the American† reiterates â€Å"Jig’s† options for her future. Although he expresses that he would support and love her no matter what the ultimate choice is, she feels conflicted and her pain, which builds throughout the story and as the conversation progresses, becomes more obvious. What is most interesting is, as his second thoughts about the unspoken abortion spike, her resistance to discuss the topic any further grows in tandem. Although the two heroes’ love for one another is evident, there is the aching uncertainty between them: Is there room for a child in their relationship built of travelling, drinking, and discovery? â€Å"Jig’s† repression, just like Miss Emily’s, is inevitable because of their presented circumstance. TheseShow MoreRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesor a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especially in modern fiction. A major function of plot can be said to be the representation of characters in action, though as we will see the action involved can be internal and psychological as well as external and physical. 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Relationship Combined Service Recommendation †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Combined Service Recommendation. Answer: Introduction BidTaxi is one of the new platforms created with the help of the modern-day technology for the travelers for better travelling experience in a cab. BidTaxi which is a new taxi hailing service uses the technique of bidding of customers by the cab drivers, instead of the normal approach of having a fixed price set by the cab hailing organizations. The process of the working goes by, the best bid by the cab drivers is given the priority and gets selected. This paper briefly discusses about the business operation of BidTaxi cab haling service. This discourse will also bring in light about the benefits that are provided by the BidTaxi organization to their customers that is the cab drivers as well the riders. The unique method that the organization has choose separates them from the other taxi service providing platforms (Wong et al., 2014). The Ministry of transportation concerns with the civil transport, rail transport, road safety and other transportation systems of the country. This p aper enricher the goods of the bid taxi to the ministry of the transportation for convincing them for the approval. BidTaxi organization, which is one of the most unique cab service provider organization in Australia came up with an entirely new concept of business, in terms of providing taxi hailing services. The organization has already got global recognition due to their unique idea and easy approach of the platform used by customers. The service is easily accessible to the customers using the mobile technologies like the android and the iPhone, and in case the customer is unable to use the mobile technology can easily access the website developed by the organization. The idea which is developed by the organization is one of kind using the modern-day technologies. The organization had moved on from the old and fixed idea of having a fix price for the distance, where the fares are decided by the organization. Rather the organization uses the technique of bidding, that is when a customer is tries to book a cab, the cab drivers in the nearest fixed location gets the option for bidding for the pass enger and the bidding which gets best fit wins the bidding and approved (Rizan, Fadillah RP 2015). Once the customer starts the process, in the background the servers starts notifying the available drivers about every detail of the customer that is from where the customer is to be picked up, till where the customer will go and how many passengers are getting booked. The drivers check the requirements and accepts the booking, and now the drivers get the windows for starting the bidding process. In the bidding process, the driver analyses the requirements and sets a price accordingly (Raines et al., 2015). The cost of the ride is not only based on the distance and number of the passengers riding but may be subject to condition of the car, services provided in the car (like AC) and other comforts. In some cases, if only one cab is available for bidding, the bid placed by the driver gets confirmed if no other driver intervenes (Wang Cheu, 2013). The time efficiency of the service is j udged by the distance the driver is at from the pickup location. After choosing the taxi driver the particular driver is sent a message of confirmation and the taxi service is booked by the client. In order to achieve the desired goals which are set which are set by the organization in order ro gain maximum success. These sets of the rules are as follows. Drivers, who are enthusiastic to be a part of the BidTaxi organization, needs to get proper certification from the organization. Before the driver joins the driver has to pass some tests provided by the organizations driver needs to pass the minimum score set by the organization. There are several types of drills that the driver needs to follow (Dyer, 2017). After the completion of all the drills provided, the chauffeurs are gauged considering the time taken to complete the trainings and the slipups committed during the test process. After the process of the test, the drivers are further trained by the organization. The training process includes some basic driving skills enhancements and technique to use the application as a driver, that is how to bid, when to bid and other such functions (Benz Sumares, 2015). This process of hiring certified drivers is to make sure that the passengers who are using the bid taxi platform get the most secured drivers and there is minimum number of an y cases of accidents. The credit score that the driver earns during the test process and the training process, are present in the portal of the chauffeur through which they apply for the bid (Xie, Nie Liu, 2017). Customers accepting the bid can check the score of the driver in order to stay confident regarding the quality of service they are to receive. Insurance and road worthiness of the vehicle The organizations check for proper paper works of the car and the driver before launching the vehicle for the customers. The papers that are checked is the purchasing certificate of the car, the insurance of the vehicle the drivers license, the pollution of the car and other such papers. This is done in order to avoid any kind of legal controversies during the service period of the driver and the car (Tay Choi, 2016). Any kind of legal controversies during the service period affects the goodwill of the taxi driver as well as the platform that is providing support to the uninsured vehicle. The Bid taxi organization also checks the road worthiness of the vehicle before launching it in the platform. The roadworthiness of the vehicle is put under scrutiny by the organization (Bush, et al 2015). The vehicle is going to be used by the drivers are tested in various conditions, for example the off-road conditions, congested areas, sharp turns in order to check the availability of the braking system, engine system and other (Binion, et al 2015). On passing all the conditions in satisfactory terms the road worthiness of the vehicle is proved and the vehicle is hired. The organization also has a very effective ratings system. This is one of the best techniques to review any passenger or any driver (Khuong Dai, 2016). BidTaxi started using the policy of the customer rating the chauffeur and the chauffeur rating the customer. This mutual rating acts as the benefits for both the driver and the client. The entire system of the rating is anonymous, that is the drivers cannot see which customer gave what rating and the customers cannot see which driver gives what rating. The drivers as well as the customer can see the overall rating provided (Gany et al.,2015). The entire rating can only be seen by the management authorities. This process is to make sure that no one after the cab gets booked does any misbehave mutually. This also enhances the security of the customer. with increase in the rating of the driver the driver gets climb in position among the equivalent drivers and quantity of chances for doing a bid also increases, also the chances of gettin g selected by the client increases proportionally (Kong, et al 2017). There is a target benchmark of the rating system and on meeting the target fixed by the organization the drivers are gifted with extra bonus. The rating of the customers does not have any benchmark but only for the drivers to know how well the customer is. If the rating of the customer is low in 5 to 6 rides consecutively, the chances of getting a cab decreases. IF the rating is also low consecutively there are less chances for the driver to do a bid (Benz Sumares, 2015). One of the major technique developed by the organization in this process is that if the customer and the driver both has a low-ranking score, they get merged up in the in a ride. It may happen that a customer needs to use this unique platform but does not have any smartphone or it may also happen that the customer is not having credit or debit card to pay. The bid taxi has introduced many features for these types of the customers. If the customer is not having any smartphone can book cab using the website of the platform which is similar to smartphone application (Balafoutas et al., 2013). Also, in case no credit card can use the Osko or purchase gift cards from any bid taxi authorized supermarkets. And these cards can be recharged from any nearest bid taxi office. The bonus points in the Osko cards are also high as compared to the other methods of the payment system. The bonus points are achieved by the drivers can be used in future by the drivers as gift cards provided by the drivers (Yuan et al., 2013). The tips that the customer gives to the drivers can be used for donations in the charity. The points of the customers can be uses a discount coupon in the future rides of the customer. Suggestions for the Bid taxi organisation. The organization is one of the well-established company and the norms are also much advanced, but there is always some way for the betterment or improvement in the systems. One of the strategy which may increase the fame of the organization is complain generating system. This can help the drivers as well as the customers in terms of safety. The customer may complain about the things like the loss of any item, misbehave by the driver or the fellow passenger, or in any case of accident. Also, the same can be applicable for the drivers, the drivers can complain about any misbehave by the customers, in case of the road legal issues or any case of theft or mishandling of the car (Zeng Oren, 2014). This can help the customer more confident about the security and safety of both the customers and the drivers. This system needs to merge with the rating system that the one who is rating after the ride is completed can give comment about the ride or any issue in the system. A helpline number c an also be introduced to provide better facility. In case there is no internet connection the customer or the driver can use this phone number for lodging any complain. And further steps would be taken accordingly. One of the other security measure that can be taken, is placing a emery button inside the car. If any one needs any help can use this button to ask for help. Once the button gets triggered, the indicators and the horn of the gets activated and any police or people outside can spot such thing and run for help. One of the other thing the organization can done for the betterment of the business, is to sponsor the driver who are not having any car but is willing to join the service of the bid taxi organization. This may intern increase the profits of the organization. The organization can also hire car from the owners and use them for the platform. This will help the driver to get employment (Chen, Cui Li, 2018). The organization also can merge up with any car making or car selling organization in order to buy cars from that specified center and use them in their platform. This helps the organization by, if the driver for some reason leaves the organization, the car would be left vacant and the organization can hire a new driver and use the car further. Also, this will decrease the cost of car checking process again and again as the car would belong to the organization itself. Conclusion Thus, concluding the topic it can be said that the BidTaxi has started the project with a thought of making it a unique project and has been successful in achieving the target that they had set for themselves. The operation of the project is very much smooth and is very easy to use for both the customers and the drivers. The security services are of high standards as compared to other such platforms. The technique used by the organization grabs the attention of many customers as the prices to travel ha decreased because of the organization. The booking time and the cost is also very low, and the drivers gets desired amount of sum. The demand of the services is getting a increase day by day and would become of the feature business in future. Reference Balafoutas, L., Beck, A., Kerschbamer, R., Sutter, M. (2013). What drives taxi drivers? A field experiment on fraud in a market for credence goods.Review of Economic Studies,80(3), 876-891. Benz, A., Sumares, E. (2015). The Uber Controversy: a Public Choice Perspective. Binion, T., Minter, K. S., Brown-McCreery, H., Harris, M., Myers, J., Fields, B., Harr, J. (2015).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/047,256. Chen, Z., Cui, W., Li, X. (2018). Research on Decision-making of Urban Taxi Management Organization. Business Administration and Management, 1(1). Dyer, C. (2017). GP who certified taxi drivers without examining them gets 12 month suspension.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),358. Gany, F., Rau-Murthy, R., Mujawar, I., Prasad, L., Roberts, N. (2015). Increasing influenza vaccination in New York City taxi drivers: A community driven approach.Vaccine,33(22), 2521-2523. Khuong, M. N., Dai, N. Q. (2016). The Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty--A Study of Local Taxi Companies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology,7(5), 228. Kong, X., Xia, F., Wang, J., Rahim, A., Das, S. K. (2017). Time-location-relationship combined service recommendation based on taxi trajectory data.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,13(3), 1202-1212. Raines, R. T., Nesson, E. J., Lackey, D. A., Fritts, T., Bush, I. (2015).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/682,473. Rizan, M., Fadillah, E., RP, A. K. (2015). INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY AND FARE TOWARD CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPACT ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF EXPRESS TAXI IN JAKARTA.JRMSI-Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia,6(2), 618-638. Tay, R., Choi, J. (2016). Factors associated with crashes involving taxi owners and non-owners: A case of moral hazard and adverse selection?.Accident Analysis Prevention,87, 78-82. Wang, H., Cheu, R. (2013). 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Research Article Critique Essays - Atlantic Hurricane Season

Research Article Critique George Hinton SOC 333: Research Methods Risa Garelick 5/25/17 In 2011, examining the matters of homeland security and emergency management, authors B.R. Lindsey and T. Settles wrote an article titled Crime in Post-Katrina Houston: The Effects of Moral Panic on Emergency Planning. Nearly 12 years ago in 2005, Hurricane Katrina killed thousands of people and destroyed all in its path as it ripped through the Gulf Coast States from Morgan City, Louisiana, to Biloxi, Mississippi, to Mobile, Alabama (www.foxnews.com). Among the death toll, the Louisiana Department of Health reported 1,464 deaths from Katrina as the majority of deaths came from the New Orleans Metropolitan area (www.foxnews.com). The Mississippi Department of Health reported 238 deaths and the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida suffered fatalities on a smaller scale; approximately 770,000 were displaced (www.foxnews.com). The United States reeled from its most devastating urban disaster mericans will long remember 2005 as the year Hurricane Katrina ripped through the Gulf Coast states, killing thousands and destroying everything in its path. Two weeks after Hurricane Katrina and the levee failures on the Mississippi Delta, as the United States was reeling from its most devastating urban disaster in recent history recent history (Herring, C. and Rosenman, E. 2016). Millions of people from New Orleans, Louisiana who were displaced looked to Houston, Texas for shelter. In their article, Settles and Lindsey sought to uncover the factual truths concerning the issues relative to the displaced Katrina people, also referred to as evacuees. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed by the two as they implemented mixed method procedure. Initially, the city of Houston, by and large, seemed to welcome those from Katrina with open arms with donations of food, water, shelter, clothing and other necessities in effort to make the evacuees feel as if they found home in their new city. However, when the crime rate rose in Houston, it was attributed to these evacuees. Hence, the people of Houston wanted the citizens of Katrina to leave. Police reports were obtained for use as quantitative data. Comparisons were made concerning the criminal activity before the Katrina evacuees arrived in Houston and after they had been there. Data reflected crimes had become more of a problem since the evacuees arrived. The major crimes included in the reports were "murder, rape, aggravated assault, burglary, burglary of motor vehicles, auto theft, and robbery" (Settles, T. Despite the fact major criminal activity was already occurring in Houston, the Katrina evacuees were blamed for the increase of crime in town. Since the mixed method approach was implemented here, qualitative data was also used in effort to obtain information which would reflect more than percentages and numbers. Mass confusion arose from the matter of who bore responsibility for the evacuees' housing reimbursement and safety of the community they were to live. By way of qualitative research, interviews were conducted with the New Orleans people and media. After cross-examinations occurred, the researchers determined the accounts given did not match each other. The mixed method data approach thus came into play. Research revealed that billions of dollars had been issued by the government to aid the Hurricane Katrina victims, but the victims received none of that money. FEMA, otherwise known as the Federal Emergency Management Agency, was supposed to reimburse the city for the market value of rented apartments. While FEMA paid the money, the hands of the evacuees were tied in terms of them trying to find apartments within the limited range specified; residents could not exceed the value nor could they afford to cover the costs out of pocket. Thus, they had to search for residence in lower income communities with higher crime volume. FEMA neglected to disclose information concerning the evacuees who rented these apartments, and they also failed to complete searches of local, state and national databases to see whether or not any evacuees were wanted for crimes committed back in Louisiana. The processed data came from information pre and post Katrina. The aim of the hypothesis was to identify exactly what occurred pre and post Katrina in Houston to see whether or not the criminal activity stemmed from the natives of Katrina. The qualitative research entailed interviews of Katrina evacuees by the researchers; over 450 newspaper articles were also reexamined. After all was said and done in terms of the research conducted, the documentation and the numbers did not match. By way of the quantitative data approach, researchers discovered crime did increase when Katrina evacuees moved to Houston. However, the increase was not substantial enough to prove it was the direct result of the evacuees being